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Sino Biological anti sars cov 2 s1 neutralizing antibody mouse mab ab1
Anti Sars Cov 2 S1 Neutralizing Antibody Mouse Mab Ab1, supplied by Sino Biological, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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spike neutralizing antibody  (Sino Biological)
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Sino Biological spike neutralizing antibody
(A-B) A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for confocal microscopy. (A-B) Maximum intensity projections of merged dsRNA ( A-B , red) staining with the N protein ( A , white) or Nsp6 ( B , white) in A549-EV and A549:N cells. Nuclei were Hoechst stained (blue). Note that DVG-B encoded GFP is depicted (green). Scale bar indicates 20μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes of dsRNA and N protein co-staining ( A ) or dsRNA and Nsp6 co-staining ( B ). Scale bar indicates 5μm. Graphs indicate the Pearson’s correlation coefficient ( R) values for the co-localization of dsRNA and N ( C, above) or dsRNA and Nsp6 ( C, below ) in A549:EV and A549:N cells, respectively. Individual values are shown. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. Mean±SD. ( D ) A549:EV (left) and A549:N cells (right) were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 50 to maximize the DVG-B infected cell number), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for fixation and processing for transmission electron microscopy. Scale bars indicate 2μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes. Scale bars indicate 500nm. Black asterisks indicate single membrane vesicles, red asterisks indicate lysosome-like structures. ( E ) Due to significant more cell death in WT infected A549:EV and A549:N cells, we reduced MOI of WT virus to 0.1 for this experiment. A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 0.1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IFNB1, IL-29 and ISG54 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. Because the A549:N cell line expresses codon-optimized N, the qPCR primers specifically detect virus-derived N transcripts. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=2 biological repeats, mean±SD. ( F ) A549:EV and A549:N cells were inoculated as in ( E ). Immediately following 2-hours of inoculation, 10μg/mL of a <t>neutralizing</t> SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody or 10μg/mL of an IgG isotype control antibody were added to the infected cell cultures. 24-hours post inoculation cell supernatants were collected for virus titer determination by TCID 50 /mL quantification. Cells were collected for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IL-29 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=3 biological repeats, mean±SD.
Spike Neutralizing Antibody, supplied by Sino Biological, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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sars cov 2 virus  (Sino Biological)
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(A-B) A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for confocal microscopy. (A-B) Maximum intensity projections of merged dsRNA ( A-B , red) staining with the N protein ( A , white) or Nsp6 ( B , white) in A549-EV and A549:N cells. Nuclei were Hoechst stained (blue). Note that DVG-B encoded GFP is depicted (green). Scale bar indicates 20μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes of dsRNA and N protein co-staining ( A ) or dsRNA and Nsp6 co-staining ( B ). Scale bar indicates 5μm. Graphs indicate the Pearson’s correlation coefficient ( R) values for the co-localization of dsRNA and N ( C, above) or dsRNA and Nsp6 ( C, below ) in A549:EV and A549:N cells, respectively. Individual values are shown. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. Mean±SD. ( D ) A549:EV (left) and A549:N cells (right) were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 50 to maximize the DVG-B infected cell number), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for fixation and processing for transmission electron microscopy. Scale bars indicate 2μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes. Scale bars indicate 500nm. Black asterisks indicate single membrane vesicles, red asterisks indicate lysosome-like structures. ( E ) Due to significant more cell death in WT infected A549:EV and A549:N cells, we reduced MOI of WT virus to 0.1 for this experiment. A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 0.1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IFNB1, IL-29 and ISG54 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. Because the A549:N cell line expresses codon-optimized N, the qPCR primers specifically detect virus-derived N transcripts. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=2 biological repeats, mean±SD. ( F ) A549:EV and A549:N cells were inoculated as in ( E ). Immediately following 2-hours of inoculation, 10μg/mL of a <t>neutralizing</t> SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody or 10μg/mL of an IgG isotype control antibody were added to the infected cell cultures. 24-hours post inoculation cell supernatants were collected for virus titer determination by TCID 50 /mL quantification. Cells were collected for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IL-29 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=3 biological repeats, mean±SD.
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anti spike mouse monoclonal antibody  (Sino Biological)
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Sino Biological anti spike mouse monoclonal antibody
(A-B) A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for confocal microscopy. (A-B) Maximum intensity projections of merged dsRNA ( A-B , red) staining with the N protein ( A , white) or Nsp6 ( B , white) in A549-EV and A549:N cells. Nuclei were Hoechst stained (blue). Note that DVG-B encoded GFP is depicted (green). Scale bar indicates 20μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes of dsRNA and N protein co-staining ( A ) or dsRNA and Nsp6 co-staining ( B ). Scale bar indicates 5μm. Graphs indicate the Pearson’s correlation coefficient ( R) values for the co-localization of dsRNA and N ( C, above) or dsRNA and Nsp6 ( C, below ) in A549:EV and A549:N cells, respectively. Individual values are shown. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. Mean±SD. ( D ) A549:EV (left) and A549:N cells (right) were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 50 to maximize the DVG-B infected cell number), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for fixation and processing for transmission electron microscopy. Scale bars indicate 2μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes. Scale bars indicate 500nm. Black asterisks indicate single membrane vesicles, red asterisks indicate lysosome-like structures. ( E ) Due to significant more cell death in WT infected A549:EV and A549:N cells, we reduced MOI of WT virus to 0.1 for this experiment. A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 0.1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IFNB1, IL-29 and ISG54 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. Because the A549:N cell line expresses codon-optimized N, the qPCR primers specifically detect virus-derived N transcripts. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=2 biological repeats, mean±SD. ( F ) A549:EV and A549:N cells were inoculated as in ( E ). Immediately following 2-hours of inoculation, 10μg/mL of a <t>neutralizing</t> SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody or 10μg/mL of an IgG isotype control antibody were added to the infected cell cultures. 24-hours post inoculation cell supernatants were collected for virus titer determination by TCID 50 /mL quantification. Cells were collected for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IL-29 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=3 biological repeats, mean±SD.
Anti Spike Mouse Monoclonal Antibody, supplied by Sino Biological, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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mouse igg1 184  (OriGene)
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OriGene mouse igg1 184
(A-B) A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for confocal microscopy. (A-B) Maximum intensity projections of merged dsRNA ( A-B , red) staining with the N protein ( A , white) or Nsp6 ( B , white) in A549-EV and A549:N cells. Nuclei were Hoechst stained (blue). Note that DVG-B encoded GFP is depicted (green). Scale bar indicates 20μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes of dsRNA and N protein co-staining ( A ) or dsRNA and Nsp6 co-staining ( B ). Scale bar indicates 5μm. Graphs indicate the Pearson’s correlation coefficient ( R) values for the co-localization of dsRNA and N ( C, above) or dsRNA and Nsp6 ( C, below ) in A549:EV and A549:N cells, respectively. Individual values are shown. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. Mean±SD. ( D ) A549:EV (left) and A549:N cells (right) were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 50 to maximize the DVG-B infected cell number), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for fixation and processing for transmission electron microscopy. Scale bars indicate 2μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes. Scale bars indicate 500nm. Black asterisks indicate single membrane vesicles, red asterisks indicate lysosome-like structures. ( E ) Due to significant more cell death in WT infected A549:EV and A549:N cells, we reduced MOI of WT virus to 0.1 for this experiment. A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 0.1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IFNB1, IL-29 and ISG54 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. Because the A549:N cell line expresses codon-optimized N, the qPCR primers specifically detect virus-derived N transcripts. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=2 biological repeats, mean±SD. ( F ) A549:EV and A549:N cells were inoculated as in ( E ). Immediately following 2-hours of inoculation, 10μg/mL of a <t>neutralizing</t> SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody or 10μg/mL of an IgG isotype control antibody were added to the infected cell cultures. 24-hours post inoculation cell supernatants were collected for virus titer determination by TCID 50 /mL quantification. Cells were collected for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IL-29 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=3 biological repeats, mean±SD.
Mouse Igg1 184, supplied by OriGene, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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origene 183 sars cov 2 rbd  (OriGene)
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(A-B) A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for confocal microscopy. (A-B) Maximum intensity projections of merged dsRNA ( A-B , red) staining with the N protein ( A , white) or Nsp6 ( B , white) in A549-EV and A549:N cells. Nuclei were Hoechst stained (blue). Note that DVG-B encoded GFP is depicted (green). Scale bar indicates 20μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes of dsRNA and N protein co-staining ( A ) or dsRNA and Nsp6 co-staining ( B ). Scale bar indicates 5μm. Graphs indicate the Pearson’s correlation coefficient ( R) values for the co-localization of dsRNA and N ( C, above) or dsRNA and Nsp6 ( C, below ) in A549:EV and A549:N cells, respectively. Individual values are shown. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. Mean±SD. ( D ) A549:EV (left) and A549:N cells (right) were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 50 to maximize the DVG-B infected cell number), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for fixation and processing for transmission electron microscopy. Scale bars indicate 2μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes. Scale bars indicate 500nm. Black asterisks indicate single membrane vesicles, red asterisks indicate lysosome-like structures. ( E ) Due to significant more cell death in WT infected A549:EV and A549:N cells, we reduced MOI of WT virus to 0.1 for this experiment. A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 0.1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IFNB1, IL-29 and ISG54 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. Because the A549:N cell line expresses codon-optimized N, the qPCR primers specifically detect virus-derived N transcripts. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=2 biological repeats, mean±SD. ( F ) A549:EV and A549:N cells were inoculated as in ( E ). Immediately following 2-hours of inoculation, 10μg/mL of a <t>neutralizing</t> SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody or 10μg/mL of an IgG isotype control antibody were added to the infected cell cultures. 24-hours post inoculation cell supernatants were collected for virus titer determination by TCID 50 /mL quantification. Cells were collected for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IL-29 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=3 biological repeats, mean±SD.
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mouse anti spike antibody  (Sino Biological)
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Sino Biological mouse anti spike antibody
(A-B) A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for confocal microscopy. (A-B) Maximum intensity projections of merged dsRNA ( A-B , red) staining with the N protein ( A , white) or Nsp6 ( B , white) in A549-EV and A549:N cells. Nuclei were Hoechst stained (blue). Note that DVG-B encoded GFP is depicted (green). Scale bar indicates 20μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes of dsRNA and N protein co-staining ( A ) or dsRNA and Nsp6 co-staining ( B ). Scale bar indicates 5μm. Graphs indicate the Pearson’s correlation coefficient ( R) values for the co-localization of dsRNA and N ( C, above) or dsRNA and Nsp6 ( C, below ) in A549:EV and A549:N cells, respectively. Individual values are shown. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. Mean±SD. ( D ) A549:EV (left) and A549:N cells (right) were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 50 to maximize the DVG-B infected cell number), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for fixation and processing for transmission electron microscopy. Scale bars indicate 2μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes. Scale bars indicate 500nm. Black asterisks indicate single membrane vesicles, red asterisks indicate lysosome-like structures. ( E ) Due to significant more cell death in WT infected A549:EV and A549:N cells, we reduced MOI of WT virus to 0.1 for this experiment. A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 0.1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IFNB1, IL-29 and ISG54 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. Because the A549:N cell line expresses codon-optimized N, the qPCR primers specifically detect virus-derived N transcripts. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=2 biological repeats, mean±SD. ( F ) A549:EV and A549:N cells were inoculated as in ( E ). Immediately following 2-hours of inoculation, 10μg/mL of a <t>neutralizing</t> SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody or 10μg/mL of an IgG isotype control antibody were added to the infected cell cultures. 24-hours post inoculation cell supernatants were collected for virus titer determination by TCID 50 /mL quantification. Cells were collected for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IL-29 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=3 biological repeats, mean±SD.
Mouse Anti Spike Antibody, supplied by Sino Biological, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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sars cov 2 2019 ncov spike neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody  (Sino Biological)
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Sino Biological sars cov 2 2019 ncov spike neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody
(A-B) A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for confocal microscopy. (A-B) Maximum intensity projections of merged dsRNA ( A-B , red) staining with the N protein ( A , white) or Nsp6 ( B , white) in A549-EV and A549:N cells. Nuclei were Hoechst stained (blue). Note that DVG-B encoded GFP is depicted (green). Scale bar indicates 20μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes of dsRNA and N protein co-staining ( A ) or dsRNA and Nsp6 co-staining ( B ). Scale bar indicates 5μm. Graphs indicate the Pearson’s correlation coefficient ( R) values for the co-localization of dsRNA and N ( C, above) or dsRNA and Nsp6 ( C, below ) in A549:EV and A549:N cells, respectively. Individual values are shown. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. Mean±SD. ( D ) A549:EV (left) and A549:N cells (right) were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 50 to maximize the DVG-B infected cell number), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for fixation and processing for transmission electron microscopy. Scale bars indicate 2μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes. Scale bars indicate 500nm. Black asterisks indicate single membrane vesicles, red asterisks indicate lysosome-like structures. ( E ) Due to significant more cell death in WT infected A549:EV and A549:N cells, we reduced MOI of WT virus to 0.1 for this experiment. A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 0.1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IFNB1, IL-29 and ISG54 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. Because the A549:N cell line expresses codon-optimized N, the qPCR primers specifically detect virus-derived N transcripts. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=2 biological repeats, mean±SD. ( F ) A549:EV and A549:N cells were inoculated as in ( E ). Immediately following 2-hours of inoculation, 10μg/mL of a <t>neutralizing</t> SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody or 10μg/mL of an IgG isotype control antibody were added to the infected cell cultures. 24-hours post inoculation cell supernatants were collected for virus titer determination by TCID 50 /mL quantification. Cells were collected for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IL-29 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=3 biological repeats, mean±SD.
Sars Cov 2 2019 Ncov Spike Neutralizing Mouse Monoclonal Antibody, supplied by Sino Biological, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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anti sars cov 2 antibody igg4 titer serologic assay kit  (ACROBiosystems)
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ACROBiosystems anti sars cov 2 antibody igg4 titer serologic assay kit
Distribution of <t>IgG-RBD-S</t> antibodies before (T1) and after (T2) the dose administration among the 48 oncologic patients. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to assess differences within groups for paired data at different time points. Patients with positive IgG-N (thus indicating a previous infection) are reported as red dots, while patients with negative IgG-N are reported as blue dots.
Anti Sars Cov 2 Antibody Igg4 Titer Serologic Assay Kit, supplied by ACROBiosystems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Image Search Results


(A-B) A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for confocal microscopy. (A-B) Maximum intensity projections of merged dsRNA ( A-B , red) staining with the N protein ( A , white) or Nsp6 ( B , white) in A549-EV and A549:N cells. Nuclei were Hoechst stained (blue). Note that DVG-B encoded GFP is depicted (green). Scale bar indicates 20μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes of dsRNA and N protein co-staining ( A ) or dsRNA and Nsp6 co-staining ( B ). Scale bar indicates 5μm. Graphs indicate the Pearson’s correlation coefficient ( R) values for the co-localization of dsRNA and N ( C, above) or dsRNA and Nsp6 ( C, below ) in A549:EV and A549:N cells, respectively. Individual values are shown. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. Mean±SD. ( D ) A549:EV (left) and A549:N cells (right) were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 50 to maximize the DVG-B infected cell number), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for fixation and processing for transmission electron microscopy. Scale bars indicate 2μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes. Scale bars indicate 500nm. Black asterisks indicate single membrane vesicles, red asterisks indicate lysosome-like structures. ( E ) Due to significant more cell death in WT infected A549:EV and A549:N cells, we reduced MOI of WT virus to 0.1 for this experiment. A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 0.1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IFNB1, IL-29 and ISG54 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. Because the A549:N cell line expresses codon-optimized N, the qPCR primers specifically detect virus-derived N transcripts. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=2 biological repeats, mean±SD. ( F ) A549:EV and A549:N cells were inoculated as in ( E ). Immediately following 2-hours of inoculation, 10μg/mL of a neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody or 10μg/mL of an IgG isotype control antibody were added to the infected cell cultures. 24-hours post inoculation cell supernatants were collected for virus titer determination by TCID 50 /mL quantification. Cells were collected for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IL-29 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=3 biological repeats, mean±SD.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 Defective Viral Genomes from Distinct Genomic Regions Drive Divergent Interferon Responses

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.19.712870

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A-B) A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for confocal microscopy. (A-B) Maximum intensity projections of merged dsRNA ( A-B , red) staining with the N protein ( A , white) or Nsp6 ( B , white) in A549-EV and A549:N cells. Nuclei were Hoechst stained (blue). Note that DVG-B encoded GFP is depicted (green). Scale bar indicates 20μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes of dsRNA and N protein co-staining ( A ) or dsRNA and Nsp6 co-staining ( B ). Scale bar indicates 5μm. Graphs indicate the Pearson’s correlation coefficient ( R) values for the co-localization of dsRNA and N ( C, above) or dsRNA and Nsp6 ( C, below ) in A549:EV and A549:N cells, respectively. Individual values are shown. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. Mean±SD. ( D ) A549:EV (left) and A549:N cells (right) were infected with WT (MOI 1) or DVG-B (MOI 50 to maximize the DVG-B infected cell number), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for fixation and processing for transmission electron microscopy. Scale bars indicate 2μm. Insets depict magnified cell regions indicated by the white boxes. Scale bars indicate 500nm. Black asterisks indicate single membrane vesicles, red asterisks indicate lysosome-like structures. ( E ) Due to significant more cell death in WT infected A549:EV and A549:N cells, we reduced MOI of WT virus to 0.1 for this experiment. A549:EV and A549:N cells were infected with WT (MOI 0.1) or DVG-B (MOI 1), respectively, and cells were collected 24-hours post-inoculation for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IFNB1, IL-29 and ISG54 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. Because the A549:N cell line expresses codon-optimized N, the qPCR primers specifically detect virus-derived N transcripts. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=2 biological repeats, mean±SD. ( F ) A549:EV and A549:N cells were inoculated as in ( E ). Immediately following 2-hours of inoculation, 10μg/mL of a neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody or 10μg/mL of an IgG isotype control antibody were added to the infected cell cultures. 24-hours post inoculation cell supernatants were collected for virus titer determination by TCID 50 /mL quantification. Cells were collected for RT-qPCR. Expression of host genes and viral genes/DVG-B were calculated relative to GAPDH. IL-29 relative copy number values were normalized to mock for A549:EV and A549:N, respectively. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test. N=3 biological repeats, mean±SD.

Article Snippet: Post inoculation, cells were washed three times with PBS and cultured in 5% TCM with 10μg/mL of Spike neutralizing antibody (40592-R001, Sino Biological, obtained from BEI resources).

Techniques: Infection, Confocal Microscopy, Staining, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Membrane, Virus, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Derivative Assay, Control

Distribution of IgG-RBD-S antibodies before (T1) and after (T2) the dose administration among the 48 oncologic patients. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to assess differences within groups for paired data at different time points. Patients with positive IgG-N (thus indicating a previous infection) are reported as red dots, while patients with negative IgG-N are reported as blue dots.

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance humoral immunity and limit IgG4 accumulation in solid cancer patients

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1699177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of IgG-RBD-S antibodies before (T1) and after (T2) the dose administration among the 48 oncologic patients. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to assess differences within groups for paired data at different time points. Patients with positive IgG-N (thus indicating a previous infection) are reported as red dots, while patients with negative IgG-N are reported as blue dots.

Article Snippet: For IgG-N and IgM-S, the results were reported as assay index (S/C) with a positive cut-off ≥1.4 for IgG-N and ≥1 for IgM-S. IgG4-S serum levels were analyzed by standard ELISA method, using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG4 Titer serologic Assay Kit (Acro Biosystem, Delaware, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Infection

Level of IgG-RBD-S antibodies based on the number of doses. Oncologic patients were divided according to the number of doses, including the Comirnaty Omicron XBB 1.5 they were receiving (4 TH - Onc and 5 TH - Onc, the most represented groups). A control group receiving the 5 TH dose is also reported. IgG-RBD-S antibodies levels are shown before (T1, panel A) and after (T2, panel B) the dose administration for the same groups. The p value of Kruskal-Wallis test for unpaired data at a specific time point is reported.

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance humoral immunity and limit IgG4 accumulation in solid cancer patients

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1699177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Level of IgG-RBD-S antibodies based on the number of doses. Oncologic patients were divided according to the number of doses, including the Comirnaty Omicron XBB 1.5 they were receiving (4 TH - Onc and 5 TH - Onc, the most represented groups). A control group receiving the 5 TH dose is also reported. IgG-RBD-S antibodies levels are shown before (T1, panel A) and after (T2, panel B) the dose administration for the same groups. The p value of Kruskal-Wallis test for unpaired data at a specific time point is reported.

Article Snippet: For IgG-N and IgM-S, the results were reported as assay index (S/C) with a positive cut-off ≥1.4 for IgG-N and ≥1 for IgM-S. IgG4-S serum levels were analyzed by standard ELISA method, using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG4 Titer serologic Assay Kit (Acro Biosystem, Delaware, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Control

Distribution of IgG-RBD-S antibodies among IgM-S(+) and IgM-S(-) patients before (T1) and after (T2) the dose administration among the 48 oncologic patients. Patients with positive IgG-N (thus indicating a previous infection) are reported as red dots, while patients with negative IgG-N are reported as blue dots. The p value of Mann-Whitney U test for unpaired data at a specific time point is reported.

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance humoral immunity and limit IgG4 accumulation in solid cancer patients

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1699177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of IgG-RBD-S antibodies among IgM-S(+) and IgM-S(-) patients before (T1) and after (T2) the dose administration among the 48 oncologic patients. Patients with positive IgG-N (thus indicating a previous infection) are reported as red dots, while patients with negative IgG-N are reported as blue dots. The p value of Mann-Whitney U test for unpaired data at a specific time point is reported.

Article Snippet: For IgG-N and IgM-S, the results were reported as assay index (S/C) with a positive cut-off ≥1.4 for IgG-N and ≥1 for IgM-S. IgG4-S serum levels were analyzed by standard ELISA method, using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG4 Titer serologic Assay Kit (Acro Biosystem, Delaware, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Infection, MANN-WHITNEY

Distribution of IgG4-S antibodies before (T1) and after (T2) the dose administration among the 48 oncologic patients. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to assess differences within groups for paired data at different time points.

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance humoral immunity and limit IgG4 accumulation in solid cancer patients

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1699177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of IgG4-S antibodies before (T1) and after (T2) the dose administration among the 48 oncologic patients. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to assess differences within groups for paired data at different time points.

Article Snippet: For IgG-N and IgM-S, the results were reported as assay index (S/C) with a positive cut-off ≥1.4 for IgG-N and ≥1 for IgM-S. IgG4-S serum levels were analyzed by standard ELISA method, using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG4 Titer serologic Assay Kit (Acro Biosystem, Delaware, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Level of IgG4-S antibodies based on the number of doses. Oncologic patients were divided according to the number of doses, including the Comirnaty Omicron XBB 1.5 they were receiving (4 TH - Onc and 5 TH - Onc, the most represented groups). IgG4-S antibodies levels are shown before (T1, panel A) and after (T2, panel B) the dose administration for the same groups. The p value of Mann-Whitney U test for unpaired data at a specific time point is reported.

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance humoral immunity and limit IgG4 accumulation in solid cancer patients

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1699177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Level of IgG4-S antibodies based on the number of doses. Oncologic patients were divided according to the number of doses, including the Comirnaty Omicron XBB 1.5 they were receiving (4 TH - Onc and 5 TH - Onc, the most represented groups). IgG4-S antibodies levels are shown before (T1, panel A) and after (T2, panel B) the dose administration for the same groups. The p value of Mann-Whitney U test for unpaired data at a specific time point is reported.

Article Snippet: For IgG-N and IgM-S, the results were reported as assay index (S/C) with a positive cut-off ≥1.4 for IgG-N and ≥1 for IgM-S. IgG4-S serum levels were analyzed by standard ELISA method, using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG4 Titer serologic Assay Kit (Acro Biosystem, Delaware, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: MANN-WHITNEY

Comparison of IgG4-S antibodies between oncologic patients and a control group. Oncologic patients receiving the 5 TH dose were compared with a control group at the same number of doses. IgG4-S antibodies levels are shown before (T1, panel A) and after (T2, panel B) the dose administration for the same groups. The p value of Mann-Whitney U test for unpaired data at a specific time point is reported.

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance humoral immunity and limit IgG4 accumulation in solid cancer patients

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1699177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of IgG4-S antibodies between oncologic patients and a control group. Oncologic patients receiving the 5 TH dose were compared with a control group at the same number of doses. IgG4-S antibodies levels are shown before (T1, panel A) and after (T2, panel B) the dose administration for the same groups. The p value of Mann-Whitney U test for unpaired data at a specific time point is reported.

Article Snippet: For IgG-N and IgM-S, the results were reported as assay index (S/C) with a positive cut-off ≥1.4 for IgG-N and ≥1 for IgM-S. IgG4-S serum levels were analyzed by standard ELISA method, using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG4 Titer serologic Assay Kit (Acro Biosystem, Delaware, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Comparison, Control, MANN-WHITNEY

Level of IgG-RBD-S antibodies based on the number of doses. The levels observed in the present study for patients receiving the Comirnaty Omicron XBB 1.5 as the 4 TH (4 TH - Onc) or the 5 TH (5 TH - Onc) were compared with data obtained in our previous study on a different cohort of 150 solid tumor patients analyzed before and after the third dose of the Comirnaty Wuhan original vaccine (3 RD - Onc) . A control group receiving the 5 TH dose is also reported. IgG-RBD-S antibodies levels are shown before (T1, panel A) and after (T2, panel B) the dose administration for the same groups. The booster effect based on the antibody level at T1 is reported in panel C (T2-T1). The p value of Kruskal-Wallis test for unpaired data at a specific time point is reported.

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance humoral immunity and limit IgG4 accumulation in solid cancer patients

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1699177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Level of IgG-RBD-S antibodies based on the number of doses. The levels observed in the present study for patients receiving the Comirnaty Omicron XBB 1.5 as the 4 TH (4 TH - Onc) or the 5 TH (5 TH - Onc) were compared with data obtained in our previous study on a different cohort of 150 solid tumor patients analyzed before and after the third dose of the Comirnaty Wuhan original vaccine (3 RD - Onc) . A control group receiving the 5 TH dose is also reported. IgG-RBD-S antibodies levels are shown before (T1, panel A) and after (T2, panel B) the dose administration for the same groups. The booster effect based on the antibody level at T1 is reported in panel C (T2-T1). The p value of Kruskal-Wallis test for unpaired data at a specific time point is reported.

Article Snippet: For IgG-N and IgM-S, the results were reported as assay index (S/C) with a positive cut-off ≥1.4 for IgG-N and ≥1 for IgM-S. IgG4-S serum levels were analyzed by standard ELISA method, using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG4 Titer serologic Assay Kit (Acro Biosystem, Delaware, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Control